Smallscale archerfish
(Toxotes microlepis)
Image source: Johannes Pfleiderer | zootierliste.de
General data
The smallscale archerfish (Toxotes microlepis) is a perciform fish of genus Toxotes. As its name suggests, the scales of the smallscale archerfish are smaller than those of other archerfish.
They reach a maximum length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in).
Smallscale archerfish live in the tropical Indo-Pacific region and are potamodromous, moving between fresh and brackish water through their lifetimes.
Smallscale archerfish have a pointed snout and large eyes. The back is flat and the belly is curved. There is only one dorsal fin, with four to five dorsal spines. The fourth spine is longer than the third. The second dorsal spine is slightly shorter than the third anal spine, which itself is shorter than the soft rays.
There are usually 40 to 42 lateral line scales, though some specimens found in the Mekong had 34 to 37.
The species T. blythii was formerly thought to be identical to T. microlepis. Differences in structure and colouration caused the splitting of T. blythii into a new species
Like other archerfish, they have dark, wedge-shaped bands or spots on their flanks, which can be yellow to silvery.
The smallscale archerfish is sometimes confused with the banded archerfish, T. jaculatrix. Both species have four or five wedge-shaped bars on their flanks. However, the bars of banded archerfish extend to the dorsal fin whilst those of the smallscale archerfish do not; they stop below the dorsal fin, with another dark spot on the fin itself.[2] The smallscale also has a shorter snout than other archerfish.
Smallscale archerfish eat terrestrial insects (which they can shoot down), zooplankton, crustaceans, and insect larvae.
Smallscale archerfish inhabit large rivers and estuaries in Asia and the Indo-Pacific. They are distributed throughout the Mekong and Chao Phraya river basins as well as waters off the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
They can be found near the shores of moving and standing waters, usually with overhanging plants. The smallscale archerfish is described as a freshwater archerfish, as it does not move into saltwater during its life as do some other archerfish. It is found upstream from the estuary more often than other species of the genus.
