Southern Iberian spined-loach
(Cobitis paludica)

Europe: Iberian Peninsula, except in Alagon system (Tagus drainage), northern Ebro and northern Douro drainages. Also found north of the peninsula where it has been locally introduced.

A short-lived species, secretive in nature. Adults inhabit middle and lower reaches, with shallow waters, sandy bottoms and submerged plants. During dry periods, they can survive in very small water bodies. Feed on invertebrates and plants.

Spawn in May to July. Oviparous, with distinct pairing during breeding. Eggs are small (1.7 mm) and sticky, placed within dense vegetation if available.

Threatened due to pollution, habitat destruction and the introduction of other species.